Recovery Slowed in Q2

The recovery lost momentum in the second quarter as growth slowed to a 2.4 percent pace, its most sluggish showing in nearly a year and too weak to drive down unemployment.

Weaker spending by consumers, less growth coming from companies restocking shrunken stockpiles and a bigger drag from the nation’s trade deficits were the main factors behind the second quarter’s slowdown.

The Commerce Department’s report released Friday shows the economy grew at a 3.7 percent pace in the first three months of this year. That was much better than the 2.7 percent pace estimated just a month ago. Even so, the recovery has been losing power now for two straight quarters, raising concerns about whether it will stall.

Wall Street analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters had predicted the economy expanded at a 2.5 percent pace in the second quarter, below a lackluster 2.7 percent pace in the first three months of the year.

With the economy growing at such a subpar speed, unemployment — now at 9.5 percent — is likely to stay high.

It takes about 3 percent growth just to create enough jobs to keep pace with the population increase.

Growth would have to equal 5 percent for a full year to drive the unemployment rate down by 1 percentage point. Neither the Obama administration nor the Federal Reserve expect that to happen.

Gross domestic product measures the value of all goods and services — from machinery to manicures — produced within the United States. It is the best gauge of America’s economic health.

Risks to the recovery have grown, and some fear it could stall out.

Consumer confidence is tumbling. The unemployed face fierce competition to find work. Those with jobs are seeing scant wage gains. Home values — often Americans’ single-biggest asset — are weak. That explains why consumers are not in a mood to spend lavishly like they usually do in the early stages of an economic recovery.

It’s also a major reason why the pace of this recovery is considered feeble by historical standards. When the country was recovering from a severe recession in the early 1980s, for instance, the economy’s growth exceeded 7 percent for five quarters.

“The recovery looks subpar and risks are growing,” said Chris Rupkey, economist at the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi.

Businesses are wary, too. Uncertain about the durability of the recovery, they are sitting on record piles of cash, loath to use the money to hire new workers and expand operations. Caterpillar Inc., Dupont Co. and Microsoft Corp. are among companies reporting strong second-quarter earnings in the past two weeks yet they aren’t ready to bulk up their work forces.

“There is a high degree of uncertainty. There is a recovery underway. It is going to be choppy,” said United States Steel Corp. Chairman and CEO John Surma earlier this week.

The weak economy leaves Democrats and Republicans in Congress vulnerable as they head into the November midterm elections. Democrats, who now control both chambers, have the most to lose. The gloomier outlook is also a liability for President Barack Obama.

A new AP Economy Survey out this week found that weak consumer spending poses a major risk to the recovery.

Consumer spending, which accounts for roughly 70 percent of overall economic activity, clocked in at a 3 percent pace in the first three months of this year. It’s expected to be slower in the second quarter.

For all of 2011, economists in the AP survey are forecasting only 3 percent growth. That’s historically weak for consumer spending during recoveries. By contrast, consumer spending exceeded 5 percent in 1983, 1984 and 1985, when the economy was rebounding from a deep recession.

Another major risk: budget woes of state and local governments, according to the AP survey. When states and localities tighten spending by trimming services and jobs, the cutbacks ripple through the broader economy and cause individuals to spend less.

Still Rupkey and other economists in the AP survey said they thought the recovery is still alive, suggesting that a double-dip recession can be avoid. The survey found that 55 percent of economists described the recovery as “on track” as of the middle of this year.

JEANNINE AVERSA, AP Economics Writer WASHINGTON